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B. Krishna Rao ¹, Mohamed Muzamil Ahmed ¹, M. R. Janardhana ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, IN

Abstract

Palynological studies on the lateritoid manganese ore revealed the presence of angiosperm, bryophyta, pteridophyta, fungi and algae. Among these Polyporina sp., Polypodiaceaesporites haardti, Palmaepollenites communis, Sapotaceoidaepollenites africanus, Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium, Pediastrum boryanum var. undulatum and Plumbaginacipites neyvelii have been identified. They indicate that the lateritic weathering of the Precambrian manganiferous formation of the area took place during Neogene.

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H. Annapoorna ¹, M. R. Janardhana ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Geology, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

In the absence of freshwater surface resources, the only alternative to quench the thirst of the human beings is groundwater. The quality criteria, set for drinking purpose, by various agencies are grossly neglected, due to paucity of groundwater owing to indiscriminate exploitation. An attempt is made here to evaluate the quality of groundwater of a socio-economically backward region located in and around the Ingaldhal copper mine area, Chitradurga District, Karnataka, for drinking purpose. Groundwater samples (n=12) collected from 7 villages, were analysed to assess their physico-chemical characteristics. TDS values range from 594-1913 mg/L, pH from 7.61-8.34 and TH from 410-1400 mg/L. Cation concentration ranges are 59-150 mg/L, 49-250 mg/L, 38-290 mg/L and 6-58 mg/L for Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ respectively. Anion concentration ranges are 417-574 mg/L, 68-286 mg/L, 63-623 mg/L, 14-162 mg/L, 0-29 mg/L and 0.451-1.43 for HCO₃^-, SO₄^2-, Cl^-, NO₃^-, CO₃^2- and F^- respectively. The results reveal that the average abundance of the major cations and anions is in the order of Mg²⁺ > Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ and HCO₃^- > Cl^- > SO₄^2- > NO₃^- > CO₃^- > F^- respectively. The identified types of hydrochemical facies of the groundwater are CaMgHCO3 type (n=3), CaMgSO₄ type (n=3) and mixed type (n=6). The values of the major ion concentrations of the majority of the groundwater samples fall well above the recommended standard limit for drinking purpose.

Keywords

Ingaldhal Copper Mine, Groundwater, Major Ions, Hydrochemical Facies.

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Houshang Khairy ¹, M. R. Janardhana ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Earth Science & Resource Management, Yuvaraja's College, Mysore-570 005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Present study is an attempt to understand the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Amol- Ghaemshahr region, Mazandaran province in North Iran. Groundwater samples were randomly collected from 77 wells in Amol-Ghaemshahr plain having different depths, varying from 2.4 m to 198 m. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in addition to major cation and anion concentrations. The abundance of major ions is as follows: Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ and HCO₃^- > Cl^- > SO₄^2- > NO₃^-. Thematic maps pertaining to pH, TDS, EC, Cl^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2- and Na⁺ were presented in Geographical Information System (GIS) based maps. Different classes in thematic maps were categorized as desirable, permissible and unpermissible based on WHO standards for drinking purposes. The chemistry of water samples from coastal aquifer was interpreted by using classical Piper diagrams. The study indicates that Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Ca-Mg-Cl are the dominant hydrochemical facies followed by Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-SO₄ facies. Gibb's plot reveals that the mechanisms responsible for controlling chemical composition of the groundwater are both rock-water interaction and evaporation.

Keywords

Hydrochemistry, Coastal Aquifer, Groundwater, GIS, Mazandaran Province, Piper Diagram Gibb's Plot.

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Seyed Morteza Moosavirad ¹, M. Shankara ¹, M. R. Janardhana ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Earth Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Earth Science, Yuvaraja’s College, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The present study has been undertaken to assess the relationship between raw coal and effluent quality of Zarand coal washery plant, Kerman province in southeast Iran. Coal samples, raw coal feed, washed fine clean coal and middling were collected. In washing process, raw water (intake to washery) and effluent samples generated in the washeries, namely, fine coal jig under water and tailing pond water were collected during August-September 2009. In coal samples, trace elements were determined in various fractions of Zarand coal washery. Parameters such as pH, temperature, colour, odour, TSS, oil and grease, COD, and trace and heavy metals were measured in washery processing. TSS, COD and oil and grease were very high in water samples. Trace elements like Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn and As were found to be present in the process water indicating that these elements are not released by coal during washing.

Keywords

Zarand Coal Washery, Raw Coal Effluents, Tailing Pond Water, Trace Elements.

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S. M. Moosavirad ¹, M. R. Janardhana ², M. S. Sethumadhav ¹, K. N. Prakash Narasimha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006, IN
2 Department of Earth Science and Resource Management, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysore - 570 005, IN

Abstract

Lower Jurassic sandstones of Shemshak Formation of Kerman basin, central Iran were analyzed for major and select trace elements to infer their provenance, palaeoweathering of source rocks and tectonic setting. Average modal framework components (Qt: F: L = 67.25: 2.41: 30.48) and chemical composition of the sandstones classify them as litharenites. The sandstones are quartz-rich (∼67% quartz; 75.34 wt.% SiO₂) and derived from a recycled orogen composed of quartzose sedimentary rocks. Average CIA, PIA and CIW values (69%, 76% and 80%, respectively) indicate moderate to intense chemical weathering of the source material. The inferred index of weathering/alteration is the sum total of intensities of weathering witnessed by the lithocomponents during atleast two cycles of sedimentation involving (1) chemical weathering of the source rocks («ultimate» granodiorite source and «proximal» quartzose sedimentary source), (2) chemical weathering during fluvial transport of the detritus, (3) chemical weathering of the detritus in depocenters, and (4) chemical weathering during diagenesis. Sandstones exhibit moderate maturity and were deposited under humid climatic conditions. Plots of the chemical analyses data on tectonic setting discrimination diagrams indicate active continental margin setting, which is in agreement with the tectonic evolutionary history of the Central Iran during Jurassic period.

Keywords

Sandstones, Lower Jurassic, Provenance, Palaeoweathering, Tectonic Setting, Shemshak Formation, Kerman Basin, Central Iran.

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